MBN vs. ELF in Qualcomm Firmware || Which Loader Should You Use?

Flashing Qualcomm-powered devices is essential in various scenarios, such as updating firmware, fixing bugs, or unlocking advanced functionalities. This process depends on a specific set of files called Firehose Loaders. Firehose loaders serve as intermediaries between Qualcomm devices and flashing software, enabling safe communication and data transfer during firmware updates. Different types of loaders, such as DDR and Lite loaders, are available, each serving distinct purposes.

MBN vs. ELF in Qualcomm Firmware || Which Loader Should You Use?

1. Types of Firehose Loaders:

Firehose loaders for Qualcomm devices come in different types to suit various flashing requirements. Here are a few common types:

  • prog_emmc_firehose_8976_lite
  • prog_emmc_firehose_8976_ddr
  • prog_ufs_firehose_8996_lite
  • prog_ufs_firehose_sdm845_ddr
  • prog_firehose_ddr_fwupdate

These loaders are designed for different firmware management tasks, making it essential for technicians to understand which loader to use for specific jobs. Choosing the right one ensures that flashing operations are smooth and reduce the risk of errors.

2. Differences Between DDR and Lite Loaders:

A key distinction among Firehose loaders is whether they are DDR or Lite versions. Each type has unique features suited for particular tasks.

DDR Loaders:

  • What They Do: DDR loaders initialize DDR (Double Data Rate) memory, which enhances data transfer speeds during flashing.
  • Functionality: These loaders support a wider array of functions and are suitable for handling complex operations. Their higher memory access speeds make them ideal for demanding firmware tasks.
  • Use Case: DDR loaders are often used in situations that require speed and versatility, such as updating complex firmware or flashing modern devices.

Lite Loaders:

  • What They Do: Lite loaders rely on SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) rather than DDR, which limits their functionality.
  • Functionality: Lite loaders are designed for simpler, low-demand tasks where high speed is not critical. They use passive commands and generally have fewer capabilities.
  • Use Case: Lite loaders are suitable for basic flashing operations where high memory speed is not required.
  • In general, DDR loaders are more robust and versatile than Lite loaders, making them a preferred choice for extensive tasks, while Lite loaders are reserved for simpler procedures.

3. Target Audience for Firehose Loaders:

Firehose loaders are primarily designed for use in professional settings like service centers and repair shops rather than by individual end-users. Their complexity requires specialized knowledge, so they are generally not intended for casual use. Service technicians and other professionals benefit the most from these tools as they can utilize them to execute complex firmware management tasks accurately.

4. Common File Formats: MBN and ELF:

Qualcomm firmware files typically come in two primary formats: MBN (Modem Binary or Multi Boot Image) and ELF (Executable and Linkable Format).

MBN Files:

  • Format Description: MBN files are in a 32-bit format and commonly used in older Qualcomm firmware versions.
  • Hex Editor Identification: When viewed in a hex editor like HxD, MBN files display the header #define MBN_HEAD_CODEWORD 0x844bdcd1.
  • Use Case: MBN files are widely compatible with the Qualcomm Flash Image Loader (QFIL) and are used to load firmware onto devices.

ELF Files:

  • Format Description: ELF is a binary format used in some Qualcomm firmware, often for newer models.
  • Hex Editor Identification: ELF files have a header that starts with 0x464C457F in a hex editor.
  • Use Case: ELF files are also used in the Qualcomm Flash Image Loader but are especially common for modern Qualcomm devices.
  • Knowing the correct file format is essential for technicians because incompatible files may cause errors during flashing.

5. Firehose Firmware Update Files:

Some firmware updates require Firehose firmware update files, which work only with specific commands and loaders. These files handle complex firmware tasks such as the Update FFU (Firmware Update Files), commonly found in eMMCDL sources (tools used for Qualcomm devices). However, the Update FFU feature is not always accessible on all loaders, and trying to run it on a regular loader may lead to failure.

These update files are especially important for newer devices, like those from Oppo and Realme, where firmware is updated through IC Firmware Update and Patch commands rather than standard commands. Since reading capabilities are often restricted in these scenarios, the Patch command must be used instead. This also requires SRAM, which is slower than DDR memory but sufficient for patch-based updates.

Conclusion:

Firehose loaders play a crucial role in the firmware management of Qualcomm-powered devices. By understanding the differences between DDR and Lite loaders, technicians can choose the right loader for each job. Furthermore, recognizing the appropriate file format, whether MBN or ELF, is essential to prevent errors during flashing. Firehose firmware update files bring additional functionality but also add complexity, making them suitable mainly for use by trained professionals in service centers. Understanding these differences and functions allows technicians to handle Qualcomm devices effectively, ensuring safer and more efficient firmware management.